Why Do Third World Countries Mostly Belong to Africa?
The term 'third world' is often used to describe economically less developed nations. The vast majority of these nations are found in Africa. Let's explore the key reasons behind this geographical correlation.
Colonial History
One of the primary reasons why many African countries are classified as third world nations is due to their history of prolonged colonization. European powers such as the British, French, Portuguese, and Belgians colonized much of the continent from the late 19th to early 20th centuries. This period of colonization significantly disrupted the social, economic, and political structures of African societies. The legacy of colonialism has contributed to ongoing challenges in governance infrastructure and economic development.
Economic Factors
Africa is characterized by a limited degree of industrialization and a heavy reliance on agriculture and the export of raw materials. This economic model often leads to significant economic vulnerabilities and makes it difficult to achieve sustainable growth. Many African nations struggle with trade imbalances, debt burdens, and limited access to international markets. These factors contribute to their status as third world countries.
Political Instability
Political instability in many African nations has further compounded the challenges faced by these countries. Coups, civil wars, and authoritarian regimes have hindered development efforts and led to ineffective governance. This political instability can create an environment that is not conducive to long-term economic and social progress.
Health and Education Challenges
Public health crises, such as high rates of infectious diseases, and limited access to healthcare are common in many African countries. Additionally, educational systems in some regions may be underfunded or inaccessible. These factors impact the human capital development of these nations, making it harder to build a skilled workforce necessary for economic advancement.
Geographical and Environmental Issues
Some African countries face unique geographical challenges such as droughts, desertification, and other environmental issues. These environmental challenges can impede agricultural productivity and economic stability. Climate change also exacerbates these conditions, further hampering progress.
Global Economic Systems
The global economic structure often disadvantages developing countries, including those in Africa. Trade imbalances, debt burdens, and limited access to international markets can create significant economic challenges for these nations. These factors contribute to their struggle in achieving economic stability and growth.
To better understand the economic status of countries, it is useful to consider the GDP per capita. According to the data, developed countries (1st world) have a nominal GDP per capita of over 30,000 USD, while developing countries (2nd world) range from 5,000 to 30,000 USD. Underdeveloped countries (3rd world) have a nominal GDP per capita below 5,000 USD. Below 1,000 USD is considered a 'failed state,' which I refer to as a 'Shithole.' The developing world is further categorized into advanced, emerging, and frontier economies based on their GDP per capita.