The Role of a 3rd Speaker in Debates

Debates can be structured in different formats, each with its own set of roles and responsibilities. Understanding the specific duties of a 3rd speaker is crucial for effective participation in various types of debates, from academic forums to political discussions.

Debate Formats and Third Speaker Roles

There are primarily three types of debate formats: Academic Policy Debate, Lincoln-Douglas Debate, and Parliamentary Debate. Each of these formats presents unique opportunities and challenges for a 3rd speaker.

Academic Policy Debate

In this format, two two-person teams take opposing positions on a policy resolution. The three-speech cycle typically starts with one speaker from each team arguing for the case, followed by a rebuttal from the second team's speaker. The third speaker, often the second team member of the first team, plays a key role in reinforcing the initial arguments and addressing any counterpoints raised by the opposing team’s first speaker.

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

This format is somewhat similar in structure but involves solo speakers. Each team member delivers five speeches. The third speaker, who is the second argumentative speech from their team, must counter the arguments presented by the opposing team's second speaker. After this, they may have one more chance to provide a final summation. It's important for the third speaker to avoid dropping surprises during their final speech, as judges will notice and penalize strategic mistakes.

Parliamentary Debate

In this format, teams consist of three members each. The third speaker, being the second speaker from the first team, has the important task of building on the groundwork laid by the first speaker. Since there is only one opportunity for rebuttal, the third speaker must lay the foundation for the final arguments presented in the fourth speech.

Individual Tournaments and Variations

While tournaments often follow established formats, individual events may set different rules. Time constraints can significantly impact the role of a 3rd speaker. A coach's guidance is essential in understanding and adapting to these variations to ensure effective participation.

Political Debates in the US

In political debates, the role of a third speaker often shifts towards supporting one candidate and challenging the other. However, the term 'moderator' is used here to obscure the true purpose, similar to the concept of 'Humpty Dumpty Land' where meaning is defined as the speaker wishes.

Understanding the nuances of these roles helps participants prepare more effectively, enhancing their contributions and overall performance in debates.