Introduction

Philippine colleges and universities have long offered mandatory courses focusing on José Rizal, a pivotal figure in Philippine history and intellectual development. However, the equivalent course centered on Andrés Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan and often referred to as the 'Proteo ng Propaganda', is notably absent. This article explores the reasons behind this absence and discusses the historical context, legislative actions, and cultural factors that have shaped the educational landscape of these two National Heroes.

The Rizal Course: A Mandatory Academic Requirement

The Rizal course, formally known as The Life and Works of José Rizal, is a required part of the curriculum in many Philippine colleges and universities. Rizal's contributions to Philippine history are significant, as evidenced by his extensive writings and his two novels, which are often subjects of literary criticism and class discussions. His explorations of themes such as Filipino identity, nationalism, and the challenges of colonialism have been extensively studied, making him a central figure in Philippine intellectual and political history.

No Equivalent Course for Andrés Bonifacio

In contrast to Rizal, there is no equivalent course focusing on Andrés Bonifacio. Bonifacio played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution, and his contributions are often included in broader discussions of the period. However, he has not received the same level of institutional emphasis as Rizal in formal educational settings. The narrative surrounding Philippine history has traditionally placed a greater emphasis on Rizal's contributions and significance, leading to his more prominent place in educational systems and curricula.

Historical Context and Legislative Action

The establishment of the Rizal course is rooted in specific legislative actions. The 1961 Republic Act No. 3455, which recognized Rizal Day as a national holiday, stipulated that the Life and Works of José Rizal must be taught in all public schools. However, there has been no similar law mandating the inclusion of a mandatory course on Bonifacio in higher education curricula. The absence of such a legislative action has contributed to the lack of formal recognition of Bonifacio's contributions in academic settings.

Focus on National Heroes in Educational Curricula

Educational curricula in the Philippines often prioritize figures like Rizal due to their perceived influence on the country's intellectual and political development. Rizal's extensive writings and his role as a public intellectual have made him a focal point for academic study. In contrast, while Bonifacio's contributions are recognized, they are often included in broader discussions of the Philippine Revolution, rather than being highlighted as a standalone course.

Cultural Factors and the Need for a Bonifacio Course

There are cultural factors that contribute to the prominence of Rizal in Philippine history. The national narrative has often emphasized Rizal's contributions, leading to a more prominent place for him in educational systems. While Bonifacio's importance is acknowledged, he has not received the same level of institutional recognition. As educational perspectives evolve, the need to study Bonifacio more closely is becoming increasingly apparent.

The Future of Studying Bonifacio

While Bonifacio's contributions are recognized, there is a growing need to study him more comprehensively. In recent decades, scholars and authors such as Reynaldo Ileto have significantly influenced the increase in new scholarship about Bonifacio. This trend is leading to a greater awareness of his roles in the Katipunan and the Philippine Revolution. In the future, it may become more common to see an entire course dedicated to Bonifacio, with his writings and contributions being given the same level of attention as Rizal's.

An Emilio Jacinto course alongside a Bonifacio course would also be beneficial, as Jacinto, often referred to as 'the Great Prodigy', was a significant figure in the revolution. Francisco Balagtas, the renowned poet, could also be included, adding a rich literary and historical perspective to the discussions of this period.

Conclusion

While the Rizal course is an integral part of Philippine higher education, the lack of a Bonifacio course is a significant oversight. As the scholarly community continues to study and recognize the contributions of Bonifacio, it is likely that institutions will begin to offer more comprehensive courses on this national hero. This shift will help ensure that the full scope of Philippine history and the contributions of all its heroes are adequately represented in academic settings.