Understanding Tank Guns and 155mm Howitzers: Their Unique Roles on the Battlefield

Are tank guns as good as 155mm howitzers? The answer to this question varies significantly based on the tactical situation and the nature of the targets being engaged. While both weapon systems are formidable, they serve different roles and excel in distinct tactical scenarios. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their capabilities and implications in modern warfare.

Comparison of Tank Guns and 155mm Howitzers

The role of tank guns and 155mm howitzers in military operations cannot be compared directly since they are designed for different purposes. Tank guns are primarily aimed at engaging armor and other armored vehicles, troops in the direct line of sight, and fortified positions. While 155mm howitzers are artillery pieces that excel in providing long-range indirect fire support. They can deploy a variety of ammunition, including high-explosive shells, smoke rounds, and precision-guided munitions.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Tank Guns

Tank guns are optimized for close-quarters engagements. They provide the rapid fire capability necessary to neutralize armored threats quickly. The direct line of sight also allows for more precise targeting, which can be crucial in fast-paced combat situations. However, their range is limited, making them less effective for long-range engagements. Additionally, tank guns lack the versatility of ammunition types that 155mm howitzers can provide, which includes the ability to provide smoke cover, long-range precision strikes, and suppression fire.

Strengths and Weaknesses of 155mm Howitzers

155mm howitzers, on the other hand, have the advantage of indirect fire capabilities, making them highly effective in providing fire support to infantry and ground forces. Their ability to deploy large payloads and precise munitions can significantly impact enemy troop concentrations and fortifications. While they excel in long-range engagements, they can also be used for direct fire engagements over shorter ranges. However, the setup and adjustment time for direct fire make them less agile in rapid combat situations requiring quick and direct responses.

Operational Flexibility of 155mm Howitzers

Interestingly, most 155mm howitzers can also operate in direct fire mode, albeit with certain limitations. This dual capability allows them to engage targets at shorter ranges with greater precision. During a field demonstration at Fort Bragg in 1980, an 82nd Airborne Division artillery unit showcased their howitzers' versatility by firing both direct and indirect shots at a target. Although the direct fire required a preliminary range calculation, both rounds could hit the target almost simultaneously.

Role of an Armored Cavalry Squadron

The versatility and capability of an armored cavalry squadron emphasize the strategic importance of integrating both tank guns and 155mm howitzers. These units not only deploy tanks and scouts for reconnaissance but also bring a dedicated howitzer battery, equipping them with a comprehensive set of capabilities. The squadron can function like a fast-moving mini-division, combining armor, artillery, and air support to achieve tactical objectives efficiently.

Conclusion

In summary, while tank guns excel in engaging armored targets with direct fire, 155mm howitzers are incomparably suited for providing indirect fire support and engaging a variety of targets over a larger area. Both weapon systems are indispensable, and their strengths are best utilized in appropriate tactical situations. The operational flexibility of 155mm howitzers further underscores their versatility in modern warfare. Understanding the unique roles of each weapon system is crucial for effective military strategy and tactics.