Requirements for Becoming a University Professor in the USA

When aspiring to become a university professor in the United States, the educational requirements can vary by institution and field. However, a general understanding of the typical expectations will provide clarity on the path ahead.

Basic Teaching Requirements

For individuals interested in teaching at a community college, a minimum of a Master’s degree is usually required. In this case, one might need to complete at least 18 credit hours of graduate-level coursework in the subject they wish to teach. For instance, a person planning to teach psychology in a community college would need to complete 18 hours of graduate-level psychology courses.

Junior Faculty Positions and the Doctoral Degree

If you are seeking a tenure-track position, a doctorate (PhD) is typically necessary. Tenure-track positions are competitive and often involve extensive research and publication. However, candidates who are ABD (All But Dissertation) are given a chance to complete their dissertation before the end of the tenure period. Schools interested in hiring ABD candidates usually set a specific deadline for the completion of the dissertation. Upon meeting this requirement, the candidate can proceed with the promotion process.

Title of Professor

A university professor is generally someone who holds a terminal degree in their field. This terminal degree varies by discipline. For example, a PhD is the standard terminal degree for almost all fields, alongside specialized degrees such as a JD (Juris Doctor) for law, MD (Doctor of Medicine) for medicine, and PharmD (Doctor of Pharmacy) for pharmacology.

exceptions and Promotions

While a PhD is the common requirement, there can be exceptions. Talented individuals in certain fields, such as artists, can teach in related areas without a PhD. Similarly, famous or notable figures, like former U.S. President Barack Obama, who teaches constitutional law, or renowned surgeons teaching at medical schools, can have unique paths to becoming university professors based on their expertise and not just their formal education.

For those teaching more specialized subjects, a terminal master’s degree, such as an MFA (Master of Fine Arts), may sometimes suffice. However, this is rare and usually only accepted in specific disciplines where a graduate level degree in a closely related field is deemed appropriate.

The Bottom Line

In summary, the educational pathway to becoming a university professor in the USA is often a PhD, but there are rare exceptions and alternative paths. The key is to understand the specific requirements of the institution and field one is pursuing. Whether you are an artist, a published researcher, or a skilled practitioner in a specialized field, there may be opportunities available for you to contribute to higher education.