Exploring the Etymology and Terminology of Secondary Education: Why We Call It High School
Have you ever wondered why we call the higher grades of school 'high school'? This term is common in the United States but has its roots in British education. Understanding the terminology and historical context can provide valuable insights into the structure of education systems.
Understanding Secondary Education in the United States
Secondary education in the United States typically spans grades 9 through 12. In terms of the broader education system, the typical progression is defined as follows:
Primary education: Covers kindergarten through grade 5 (k-5, k-6, or k-8 depending on the school district). Middle school: Grades 6 through 8. High school: Grades 9 through 12.While the terms 'elementary', 'middle', and 'high school' are widely used, it is important to note that different regions and schools may incorporate different grade levels within these terms. For instance, some schools may include grades 7 to 12 in their 'high school' designation.
The Origin of “High School” Term
The term 'high school' comes from British educational history. It refers to the advanced levels of education, typically after primary schooling. The term has been in use for centuries, predating the establishment of American colonies and even the discovery of the Americas.
In the United States, the term 'high school' has always been preferred over 'secondary school', although 'secondary education' is also used in educational contexts. This terminology is often preferred in academic and professional settings for clarity and specificity.
Education Levels Internationally
The global education system is often divided into primary (elementary), secondary, and tertiary levels. Secondary education includes:
Middle school (grades 6–8). Upper middle school (grades 7–9, 8–10, or 9–11). High school (grades 9-12).In some countries, secondary education may include additional sub-levels such as lower secondary and upper secondary.
Terminology in Various Educational Settings
The terminology used for secondary education can vary significantly depending on the region and the specific school system. For instance, in some states of the United States, secondary education may cover grades 6 through 12. In other regions, there may be specific certificates or certifications for middle schools (grades 5-8) and high schools (grades 9-12).
The certification and teaching roles can also differ. For example, being certified in 'secondary education' might cover a wider range of grades, whereas specialized certifications may be available for separate middle or high school levels. In the U.S., there is no national education program to dictate these certifications or terminologies, leaving room for regional variation.
Conclusion
The terminology 'high school' for secondary education is deeply rooted in British history and has been adopted in the United States. Understanding the etymology and terminology can help clarify the structure and progression of education systems, both within and outside the United States. As education policies and practices continue to evolve, the terminology too may change, reflecting new educational priorities and approaches.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between primary and secondary education?
Primary education, also known as elementary education, covers the initial stages of formal schooling, typically from kindergarten to grade 5. Secondary education, which includes middle and high school, is the next level, generally from grades 6 through 12.
Is high school the same as secondary school?
Technically, high school is a term used in the United States to denote the secondary education level, often grades 9 through 12. Secondary school is a broader term that can be used internationally to describe the same level of education.
Why are middle schools different in the U.S. compared to other countries?
In the U.S., middle schools typically cover grades 6 through 8, providing a bridge between elementary and high school. However, this structure can vary, and some regions might include different grade levels. The term and structure are influenced by historical, cultural, and educational practices.