Does Theravada Buddhism Reject Objective Reality? What about Hinduism?

Buddhism, originating from the teachings of Shakyamuni (the historical Buddha), has a profound and nuanced understanding of reality. It acknowledges the existence of stress and its causes, and teaches methods to address and transcend these issues. Buddhism employs various analogies to explain reality, such as foam on a river, a theater play, or a mirage. These analogies serve to deepen insight and highlight the impermanent and illusory nature of phenomena, rather than denying their existence. Some may mistakenly interpret these analogies as suggesting that reality does not exist at all. To such individuals, a humorous but effective response might be to suggest they try to "smash" their own reality with a metaphorical hammer, as this tangible experience can help them understand the nature of reality more clearly.

Understanding Theravada Buddhism

Theravada Buddhism is often referred to as the Hinayana (the “lesser vehicle”) in its early development stages. It emphasizes the personal and individual path towards enlightenment, known as Arahantship. The ultimate goal in Theravada Buddhism is the liberation of the individual self from suffering and delusion. However, it is essential to differentiate this approach from Mahayana Buddhism, which represents a more expansive and inclusive path.

Theravada Buddhism teaches that reality is subjective, meaning that one's perception of reality is fundamentally shaped by one's own experiences and understanding. This subjective nature of reality is crucial for achieving deeper insights and enlightenment. The practice involves self-reflection and shared dialogues with others to foster empathy and compassion, which are essential for the development of Bodhisattva qualities. While Theravada Buddhism recognizes the importance of personal effort and individual liberation, it also encourages the cultivation of Bodhisattva compassion, which involves the well-being and enlightenment of all sentient beings.

A Layman's Perspective: Hinduism

Hinduism, a rich and complex tradition, offers a variety of perspectives on reality. While I am not an expert, according to the Bhagavad Gita, one of the most influential texts in Hinduism, the material world is indeed real, but impermanent. The 9.33 verse of the Bhagavad Gita states: ‘this world is real, but not ultimately permanent’. This perspective emphasizes the transient nature of the material realm while acknowledging its existence.

For further insight into Hindu perspectives on reality and consciousness, I recommend the book Bhagavad Gita As It Is by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. This comprehensive commentary provides profound and engaging interpretations of the Bhagavad Gita, offering a deeper understanding of the Hindu worldview.