Are Liberal Arts Colleges Still Relevant in the Face of Declining Enrollments?

Liberal arts colleges have faced declining enrollment, leading to concerns about their relevance. This decline is not a new phenomenon but rather a reflection of underlying issues that have been longstanding.

The Historical Expansion of Liberal Arts Colleges

Following World War II, a substantial expansion of U.S. higher education occurred, including the creation of numerous liberal arts colleges and the expansion of existing ones. These institutions served the Baby Boom generation effectively until the 21st century. However, over the past 25 years, many of these small liberal arts colleges have faced financial difficulties, leading to closures or mergers with other institutions. My experience working at a liberal arts college in a northern New England state highlighted critical issues related to location, such as rural settings that were not attractive to students, limited internship opportunities, and a lack of local tech employers and hospitals for specialized programs. These factors contributed to declining enrollment.

Broader Trends in Enrollment Decline

The decline in enrollment at U.S. colleges and universities, not just liberal arts colleges, is a broader trend. From 2010 to 2021, undergraduate enrollment dropped by approximately 15%, resulting in roughly 2.6 million fewer students. Prior to the pandemic, about 58% of the total decline occurred over the previous decade. During the same period, community college attendance decreased as the economy improved and more job opportunities became available.

Another factor is the influx of borderline colleges, such as private Catholic or Christian colleges that relied on a steady stream of 18-year-olds who were interested in full-time education and dorm living in rural areas.

The Future of Liberal Arts Degrees

Questions have been raised about whether liberal arts degrees still hold value. While it's true that some liberal arts degrees may not have immediate job prospects and can be seen as a fad, this perspective is overly simplistic. The demand for skilled workers who can think critically, communicate effectively, and adapt to changing situations is greater than ever. Liberal arts education provides a strong foundation in these areas.

However, the traditional pathway to a career within liberal arts disciplines is changing. In the past, a master's degree might have been sufficient to secure a teaching position in higher education. Today, a Ph.D. is often required, and with the baby bust, there is less demand for specialized knowledge, such as Early British History or Classics.

Adaptation and Relevance

Despite these challenges, some liberal arts colleges are thriving. They are increasing enrollment, expanding programs, and building new facilities. For example, suburban Boston has numerous strong liberal arts colleges that benefit from their advantageous locations. Strategic location, coupled with relevant programs, careful financial management, and a focus on student needs, can help these institutions remain viable.

In conclusion, while the decline in enrollment for certain liberal arts colleges is worrisome, it is not a sign of their irrelevance. Instead, it is a call to action for these institutions to adapt and evolve. By focusing on quality education, relevant programs, and strategic financial planning, liberal arts colleges can remain relevant and continue to provide valuable education to future generations.